Syracuse Sun

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains the most frequently diagnosed behavioral disorder in children, with numbers on the rise. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) noted that by 2022, over 7 million U.S. children aged 3–17 were diagnosed with ADHD, marking a rise of 1 million since 2016. Adults are also experiencing higher diagnosis rates, with a 2021 report from the Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy indicating that 8.7 million adults in the U.S. have ADHD.

Kevin Antshel, a professor of psychology and principal investigator for Syracuse University's ADHD Lifespan, Treatment and Education Research program, shared insights on this trend. "The pandemic played a role," he explained. Increased mental health concerns led to more diagnostic evaluations, subsequently increasing ADHD diagnoses.

However, Antshel emphasized that other factors beyond the pandemic contributed to this rise. He mentioned better awareness and recognition of ADHD as significant contributors.

ADHD is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. According to Antshel, these symptoms must negatively impact a child's functioning across various settings for an ADHD diagnosis to be considered.

Addressing why it is crucial to diagnose and treat ADHD early in children, Antshel stated: "In children, untreated moderate to severe ADHD is associated with academic, social and emotional difficulties." For mild cases, he recommended a cautious approach involving environmental adjustments.

The trend extends into adulthood as well. Antshel attributed the rising adult diagnoses to factors like pandemic impacts and increased awareness of ADHD persisting into adulthood.

For adults considering evaluation for potential ADHD symptoms, Antshel advised focusing on whether these symptoms interfere with daily functioning rather than just their presence.

Looking ahead, Antshel believes that "ADHD diagnosis rates will continue to increase in the United States." He cited increased awareness and societal acceptance as potential drivers while expressing concern about existing inequities in diagnosis among marginalized populations.

Antshel offered both optimistic and cautionary perspectives on the rising diagnosis rates: "On the optimistic side... better ADHD awareness... Conversely... overdiagnosis due to medicalization of everyday symptoms is occurring."