Syracuse Sun

A study conducted by researchers from Syracuse University and Michigan State University examines the impact of optimism and pessimism on well-being during prolonged stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team, led by Jeewon Oh, an assistant professor of psychology at Syracuse University's College of Arts and Sciences, focused on understanding how these mindsets influence individuals' ability to cope with challenging situations.

Utilizing data from the Health and Retirement Study, which surveys a nationally representative sample of Americans aged 50 and older, the researchers assessed participants' levels of optimism and pessimism in 2016. During the pandemic's early months in 2020, respondents provided information on their health-related behaviors that could either increase or decrease COVID transmission risks.

The findings indicate that greater optimism promotes resilience and enhances well-being when faced with stressors like the pandemic. Lower levels of pessimism are associated with safer health behaviors. These results were published in the Journal of Research in Personality.

Jeewon Oh explained that "the pandemic introduced many changes," prompting the team to explore personality traits that help people manage enduring stressors. Optimists tend to address issues directly or adapt to uncontrollable situations due to their positive outlook.

Oh further noted that both optimism and pessimism independently correlate with psychological well-being. Optimistic individuals experienced less worry, stress, loneliness, and demonstrated greater resilience. This was partly attributed to increased physical activity and perceived social support.

Interestingly, while pessimism significantly influenced COVID-related behaviors—such as reduced risky activities like traveling—optimism did not play a similar role. Individuals with a less pessimistic mindset engaged more in home-based activities like watching TV or gardening.

In addressing how these mindsets influence coping mechanisms during challenges, Oh stated: "This positive mindset helps people to problem-solve and cope." Furthermore, adopting behaviors typical of optimists can aid those feeling anxious during stressful times.

Oh concluded by emphasizing that developing optimism can enhance mental health even amid new difficulties: "Developing optimism and learning how to flexibly cope can help maintain and improve mental health in diverse situations."

The complete study is available in the Journal of Research in Personality.