Fluoride in drinking water has become a contentious subject recently. Utah marked a first by banning fluoride addition to its public water systems in March. This decision received approval from U.S. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, though some health groups, such as the American Dental Association, argue against it. They advocate for water fluoridation, expressing concern that a ban could have negative economic impacts and harm public health.
Tao Wen, an assistant professor at Syracuse University, specializes in water sustainability and the intersection of energy, agriculture, urbanization, and water quality. He recently discussed the use of fluoride in public water systems.
Professor Wen noted: “In general, you don’t want too much or too little fluoride in drinking water including the water provided through the public water system. Too little fluoride can cause tooth cavity… Too much fluoride can contribute to dental and skeletal fluorosis. It is important to note that not all drinking water systems are fluoridated.” He highlighted that fluoride could occur naturally or from human activities.
Regarding safety, Professor Wen said: “The U.S. Public Health Service recommends an optimal fluoride concentration of 0.7 mg/L… to prevent dental fluorosis.” The EPA’s enforceable limit for fluoride is 4.0 mg/L. Testing water in laboratories is the only way to determine fluoride levels accurately.
Professor Wen’s research group examines water quality impacts from various infrastructures, with a study conducted in Syracuse showing no fluoride concentrations exceeding EPA standards. The research suggests natural sources may influence fluoride concentrations more than human activities in some urban areas.
Public focus on fluoride persists due to its health benefits intentions, safety concerns, and new findings on health impacts. “Fluoride remains a topic of public interest… due to discussions about informed consent and public health policy,” Wen explained.
He emphasized that fluoride decisions should be based on region-specific scientific findings. A study from 2020 indicated most U.S. groundwater has fluoride levels below 0.7 mg/L, suggesting some areas might face increased tooth decay risks without fluoridation.
Those seeking further insights from Professor Wen can contact Daryl Lovell, Associate Director of Media Relations at Syracuse University.
